Unlike "Windows for Workgroups 3.11", Windows 3.1 does NOT include the network drivers itself, it has to use DOS-network drivers.
Step 1: Install the Microsoft
Network Client for MS-DOS
Step 2: Configure Windows 3.1 to use the DOS-drivers
when looking at the README.TXT
on the setup-floppy of the DOS-Client:

we are advised to configure Windows 3.x for "LanManager 2.1"
Start up Windows Setup:

Select from the menu: Options / Change
System Settings:

and we select as Network (as suggested in
the README.TXT above):
"Microsoft LAN Manager 2.1"
(I only used the Basic)

You will be prompted for some of the Windows 3.1 floppies and to
reboot.
The network connection is established in FileManager:
menu: Disk / Network-Connections...

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Enter the Network-Path as UNC: Name of the Windows95/NT4 system and the Share-name ![]() then, select Connect |
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You have now a network drive select Close to exit this window |

The new Network-drive ICON is now displayed, allowing you to
access the data on the network drive.